Informative Essay Sample on Malcolm X

Useful Essay Sample on Malcolm X Malcolm Little, known as Malcolm X later on in his life, was conceived on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. Lord and Louis Norton Little, his folks, endeavored to help their offspring of eight. Malcolm’s mother was a homemaker and his dad was a Baptist serve and a supporter of the Black National pioneer, Marcus Garvey. Thus Malcolm’s father got numerous demise dangers from racial oppressor. They had to move to various spots. In 1929 the Littles’ house was caught fire because of their solid help of African American headway. After two years the assortment of Earl Little was discovered disfigured lying over the towns streetcar track. The police managed it a mishap yet the Littles were sure that it was an individual from the Black Legion. After Earl’s passing Malcolm’s mother had an enthusiastic breakdown and was sent to a psychological organization. Her kids were isolated and sent to various cultivate homes. Malcolm was brilliant and had a fantasy about turning into a legal advisor, however he lost his enthusiasm for school when his preferred instructor let him know, â€Å"A attorney is no practical objective for a nigger.† Malcolm dropped out of school and invested energy in Boston securing various positions to procure cash. By 1942 Malcolm was associated with opiates, prostitution and betting rings. Malcolm and his closest companion Malcolm Jarvis, otherwise called Shorty, was captured and indicted on theft charges in 1946. He was condemned to seven years in jail. Malcolm’s entire life changed. Malcolm’s sibling stayed with him and informed him concerning the Nation of Islam. He turned out to be intrigued and contemplated the lessons of the Islam Nation. In 1952 he was paroled and committed himself the Islam Nation. He changed his last name to X since he believed Little to be a slave name and picked X to speak to his lost ancestral name. Elijah Muhammad delegated Malcolm as a priest and national representative for the Nation of Islam. He additionally permitted Malcolm to set up new mosques in urban areas, for example, Detroit, Michigan, and Harlem, New York. Malcolm utilized the papers, TV, and verbal exchange to spread the Muslim message to other people. Malcolm had a lot of contention encompassing him. Indeed, even FBI operators acted like Malcolm’s protector to screen the Nation of Islam’s exercises. Malcolm met Betty Shabaz and afterward wedded her in 1958. Malcolm felt sold out when he discovered that Elijah Muhammad was furtively having relations with up to six distinct ladies, some of which brought about kids. Subsequently Malcolm finished his connection with the Islam Nation. Malcolm established the Muslim Mosque INC around a similar time. Malcolm went on a journey to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This excursion changed Malcolm’s sees on the world. He cited â€Å"blonde haired, blued looked at men I could call my brother†. Before when Malcolm was with the Nation of Islam, they felt the white man and their general public attempted to shield blacks from making themselves all the more impressive and accomplishing political force, monetary, and social achievement. At the point when he came back to the United States he educated to all the races not simply to African Americans. The country of Islam wasn’t satisfied with Malcolm after he repudiated Elijah Muhammad. They had a characteristic of death on Malcolm. They attempted ordinarily however fizzled. They even firebombed his home with his significant other and youngsters. They all got away with gentle wounds. On February 21, 1965 at a talking commitment in Manhattan, New York, at the Audubon Ballroom Malcolm was slaughtered. Three shooters surged Malcolm in front of an audience and shot his multiple times at short proximity. Malcolm was articulated dead on appearance. 1500 individuals went to his burial service. His better half had his twin girls later on that year. The three men who killed Malcolm were totally connected with the Islam Nation and were indicted for first degree murder. Malcolm was covered at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. You can arrange a custom article, research project, research paper, proposal or exposition on Malcolm X themes at our expert custom exposition composing administration which furnishes understudies with custom papers composed by exceptionally qualified scholastic authors. High caliber and no literary theft ensure! Get proficient article composing help at a moderate expense.

Rock Music Styles free essay sample

Her Eng, Give Me One Reason, was delivered in 1995, coming to number three on the pop diagrams. This piece is one Of her progressively well known ones, due to her special style that she utilizes, alongside the melodic components that are adequately utilized. In spite of the fact that she has a few music components, will examine the musicality, timbre, and tune utilized in Chessmans piece. The main measurement that I decided to concentrate on is Chessmans utilization of her moderate, accommodating mood. Her cadence is basic and one of a kind, however it unquestionably adds to her music by her steady mood and sounds.She utilizes a lopsided beat development that is utilized all through her entire account that sakes up the sort of polymath. The rhythm is around 94 beats for every moment, and the meter comprises of having four beats in each bar. Chapman contributes a tone of West African polymath from the various rhythms of consistent drums and guitar episodes. We will compose a custom paper test on Exciting Music Styles or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Alongside Chessmans splendid utilization of musicality, her timbre is the thing that makes her music hip, as I would see it. She certainly utilizes her abilities through the instruments utilized in the timbre of this song.It is a tremendous thing to be only a vocalist, however Tracy Chapman couldn't be Tracy Chapman, without her magnificent guitar aptitudes also. She is only a gifted craftsman and performer. Toward the start of this piece, a delicate guitar introduction gets the ears of the crowd to make up the presentation. The guitar at that point drives his audience members to Chessmans profound, rich voice. To come clean with you when initially heard one of Chessmans melodies on the radio, I thought she was a person, on account of how profound her voice was. She has such a one of a kind tone, however that is the thing that makes her music so good.Following her singing, very quickly the timbre of the drums and tambourine ring in and keep up the steady rhythm that I portrayed before. The assortment of the timbre utilized makes the sound of her music rich and energizing to certain audience members. With the acoustic guitar, a steady beat of drums and tambourine, and a rich voice, how might anyone be able to not appreciate Tracy Chessmans music? I make the most of her music colossally! Her utilization and canny blend of timbre immediately got her to the top, and spoke to people rock incredibly well.Finally, if those melodic components havent persuaded you enough of how marvelous Chessmans work is, let me enlighten you regarding another melodic component that is utilized to upgrade her sound. Congruity is similarly successful in adding to he imagination of this tune. The twelve-bar blues is found in both the music and the content. Chapman doesn't have an insane scope of notes, however rather, she has a consistent territory, with barely any high vocals. There are likewise eighth-note pickups toward the start of each melody. This melody comprises of nine chorales, with the first and 6th ensembles being instrumental. M happy that she has two melodies that are instrumental, with the goal that audience members can get the opportunity to appreciate and all the more completely value the sound of the acoustic guitar. I additionally think it helps the piece, and develops for the refrains of the melodies. It makes them metal energizing to tune in and get into. So, it gives a smooth change into the sections. Chessmans innovative utilization of her melodic components makes her music unique. Her music would not be close as acceptable, on the off chance that she didn't have every one of these components cooperating to create her general sound.It is sheltered to state that the melodic components that I referenced are critical and assume a gigantic job in what makes up Tracy Chessmans music. She has joined these melodic measurements that have made her music famous and near the spirit. I think Tracy Chapman aced the sound that she needed in an innovative manner. Clue she thought of her own extraordinary style and didn't mimic the sound of any other individual. The moderate people rock is similar to other music, yet nobody can mirror her voice joined with her guitar playing. Insight her music is point of fact a fruitful exertion, since her music is exceptional sounding. Chapman places her own sentiments into her music that make it where individuals need to tune in and they can relate. Her melodies comprise of good faith, the excellence of nature, and humankind, that cause it where individuals need to feel of her joy and break the regular mileage of life. Particularly managing the American social equality development ND the Vietnam War in the sixties, that was what a great deal of specialists keep on singing about.

Wilson, Henry

Wilson, Henry Wilson, Henry, 1812â€"75, American politician, Vice President of the United States (1873â€"75), b. Farmington, N.H. At 21 he legally changed his name from Jeremiah Jones Colbath, and as Henry Wilson he apprenticed himself to a cobbler at Natick, Mass. Wilson became successful as a shoe manufacturer and as a Whig politician, serving as a state legislator for most of the years from 1841 to 1852. His strong abolitionist convictions led him to leave the Whigs in 1848, when he helped organize the Free Soil party. Elected (1855) to the U.S. Senate by the Know-Nothing legislature, Wilson finally joined (1856) the Republican party because of its clear opposition to slavery. He was a leading radical Republican for the rest of his career. During the Civil War he was chairman of the Senate committee on military affairs. The Natick cobbler, as he was called, was elected Vice President on the ticket headed by Ulysses S. Grant in 1872, but he died before completing his term. Wilson wrote the H istory of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America (3 vol., 1872â€"77), the first major history of the coming of the Civil War. See biographies by E. McKay (1971) and R. H. Abbott (1972). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Australian Gold Rush Immigrants

Prior to Edward Hargraves 1851 discovery of gold near Bathurst, New South Wales, Great Britain regarded the distant colony of Australia as little more than a penal settlement. The promise of gold, however, attracted thousands of voluntary settlers in search of their fortunes—and ultimately ended the practice of transporting British convicts to the colonies. The Dawn of the Australian Gold Rush Within weeks of Hargraves discovery, thousands of laborers were already frantically digging at Bathurst, with hundreds more arriving daily. This prompted the Governor of Victoria, Charles J. La Trobe, to offer a  £200 reward to anyone who found gold within 200 miles of Melbourne. Diggers immediately took up the challenge and gold was quickly found in abundance by James Dunlop at Ballarat, by Thomas Hiscock at Buninyong, and by Henry Frenchman at Bendigo Creek. By the end of 1851, the Australian gold rush was in full force. Hundreds of thousands of new settlers descended on Australia during the 1850s. Many of the immigrants whod originally come to try their hand at gold-digging, chose to stay on and settle in the colonies, ultimately quadrupling the population of Australia between 1851 (430,000) and 1871 (1.7 million). Did Your Ancestors Arrive During the Gold Rush? If you suspect that your Australian ancestor might have originally been a digger, begin your search in traditional records from that time period, such as census, marriage,  and death records that generally list an individuals occupation. If you find something that indicates your ancestor was likely—or even possibly—a digger, passenger lists can help pinpoint the date of their arrival in the Australian colonies. Outbound passenger lists from the United Kingdom arent available prior to 1890, nor are they readily available for America or Canada (the Australia gold rush attracted people from all over the world), so your best bet is to search arrival manifests in Australia. Unassisted Immigrants to NSW, 1842-1855: This is an index of unassisted (or free) passengers who came to Australia at their own expense, including ships crewmembers.Unassisted Passenger and Crew Arrivals, 1854-1900: The Mariners and Ships in Australian Waters website has transcribed passenger listings and links to digital scans of original Shipping Inward lists from the Shipping Masters Office.Victoria Passenger Lists: Immigration records for Victoria 1852–1899 are online from the Public Record Office Victoria, including the Index to Unassisted Inward Passenger Lists to Victoria 1852—1923 and the Index to Assisted British Immigration 1839—1871. Researching Ancestors Who Predate the Gold Rush Of course, your Australian gold rush ancestors may have actually arrived in Australia in the years preceding the gold rush—as an assisted or unassisted immigrant, or even as a convict. So, if you dont find them in the passenger arrivals from 1851 on, keep looking. There was also a second sizeable gold rush in Western Australia during the 1890s. Start by checking the outbound passenger lists from that time period. Once youve determined that your ancestors were likely involved in the gold rush in some way, you may be able to locate them in a gold-digger database or learn more from newspapers, diaries, memoirs, photos, or other records. Gold Diggers from South Australia: This free searchable database includes gold diggers from South Australia (1852—1853) who brought or sent their gold home from the Victorian goldfields, including those who deposited gold at the SA Gold Assay Office in February 1852; the consignors and consignees associated with the first three mounted police escorts; and those who lost their receipts or failed to claim their gold by 29 October 1853.SBS Gold!: Explore the impact of the Australian gold rushes and uncover stories of the diggers through newspaper accounts, diaries,  and memoirs.The Goldminers Database: Search information on some 34,000 gold miners who participated in the gold rushes of New Zealand between 1861 and 1872, many of whom were Australians who went to New Zealand for only a short period of time.Fortune Hunters in Australia: This online database, available to members of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, includes names and other information extracted from t he published CD titled American Fever Australian Gold, American and Canadian involvement in Australia’s Gold Rush by Australian authors Denise McMahon and Christine Wild. In addition to data compiled from official records, archives, contemporary newspapers, and diaries, there is also material from correspondence written to or from fortune seekers, both from the goldfields of Australia, as well as communications penned during ocean crossings.The National Library of Australia: Search the digital collections database for the term gold photos, maps, and manuscripts related to the Australian gold rushes and those who participated in them.

Lonely Heart Essay - 660 Words

Lonely Heart The Heart is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers is a novel set in a small Southern town in the late 1930’s. McCullers writes about characters who are lonely and rejected. their lives intertwine in a search for friendship and understanding. Many of the characters have a need to be understood, however; none of them ever truly are. One of the characters in the novel, Jake Blount, searches for a sympathetic ear. He appears in the New York Cafe drunk and rowdy talking to everyone and no one. He talks so much the â€Å"words came out of his throat like a cataract† (13). He constantly talks to everyone hoping someone will take the time to really listen and understand. His words come out â€Å"as though a dam inside†¦show more content†¦He also writes Antonapoulos that Blount thinks â€Å"he and I have a secret together but I do not know what it is† (183). Jake Blount thinks Singer understands him when he actually does not. Another character searching for understanding is Dr. Benedict Mady Copeland. Dr. Copeland is a black doctor with ideas that on one seems to understand regardless of how hard he tries to make them comprehend. His daughter, Portia, says that when she was a girl, he was â€Å"all the time studying by hisself† (41). Dr. Copeland is well educated and this separates him from the rest of his family. They do not understand why he has always felt the need to educate them. At a Christmas party, Dr. Copeland talks to the guests about Karl Marx and what he stood for. When he asks if everyone understands, they reply that they do. This makes him wonder if they are answering this way just to please him. He eventually turns to Mr. Singer for understanding. Dr. Copeland thinks Mr. Singer is wise and understands â€Å"the strong true purpose in a way that other white men could not† (114). Mr. Singer admits in a letter to Antonapoulos that he in fact does not understand. John Singer is another character who feels a need for understanding. He is a deaf-mute that everyone else seems to turn to when they need to vent their feelings. Singer does not communicate often unless by pen. He usually watches what everyone else has to say. Singer is in need of understandingShow MoreRelatedThe Extrordinary Influence of the Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band 1780 Words   |  7 PagesFor thousands of years, music has been influencing people in extraordinary ways. The Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band should not be mistaken as an ordinary album. Without a doubt, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, an incredibly innovative album, stands as the most influential album of all time; it stands as a true masterpiece. People all around, especially artists, were influenced greatly by the innovations the album brought to the world of music. Many people have said that fromRead MoreHow Was Sgt? 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The other characters seek out Singer chiefly because of what they think he has to offer them, not because they wish to offer him anything of their own. TheRead More The Heart is a Lonely Hunter Essay479 Words   |  2 PagesThe Heart is a Lonely Hunter The Heart is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers is a novel that takes place in a small southern town during the times of pre-World War II, the late 1930s. McCullers main characters are misfits, lonely and rejected. They are all looking for a place in the world. The most tragic of the characters is a deaf-mute named John Singer. Singers life basically revolves around his one and only friend Spiros Antonapoulos, who is also a deaf-mute. Singer tells AntonapoulosRead MoreThe Heart Is a Lonely Hunter Literary Analysis1787 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, by Carson McCullers, is written in third person point of view. However, the perspective switches between five characters. This novel is classified as a Southern Gothic novel. It explores isolation, religion, and race and racism. Throughout the novel, we see the characters’ isolation from society and the affects of isolation on these characters. The theme of religion is also portrayed, mainly in the character of John SingerRead MoreHopelessness In Heart Is A Lonely Hunter Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesHopelessness in The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter Carson McCullers novel, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, takes place in a small town in the deep south during the mid-twentieth century. The book closely follows a diverse group of five residents that are loosely tied together. They include Singer, a deaf mute, Benedict Copeland, a well educated black doctor, Jake Blount, a politically zealous transient, Mick Kelly, a young girl, and Biff Brannon, a middle aged man that owns a diner. As the book progressesRead More The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter by Carson McCuller Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesThe Heart Is A Lonely Hunter by Carson McCuller In Carson McCuller’s novel, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter, the main theme is isolation and a search for some connection to be normal. McCuller’s traces the lives of five characters that center their lives around one main character named John Singer, a deaf-mute. These characters are representative of all people and not just their specific characters in the novel. McCuller’s is characterized as a Southern-Gothic writer, and was known for her depictionRead MoreEssay about Lonely Hearts Wendy Cope704 Words   |  3 Pages Writing Assignment on Poetry (Lonely Hearts pg430) Classy Classifieds; Lonely Hearts Lonely Hearts written by Wendy Cope is an enjoyable piece that draws readers in with its simplicity and straightforwardness. 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John Singer generously devotes himself to his compulsiveRead MoreThe Heart Is A Lonely Hunter And Nathaniel Hawthorne s `` Young Goodman Brown ``3100 Words   |  13 Pages How does the use of worship in both Carson McCullers’s The Heart is a Lonely Hunter and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† shows that ultimately the void of loneliness can only be filled through connection with one’s self? Candidate number: IB Extended essay Word count: 2,768 Table of Contents: I. Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 II. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 III. Loneliness through incompletion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 IV. Incompletion

Compare and Contrast the Chinese and Russian Revolutions Free Essays

China and Russia had various similarities and differences during the early 20th century. They were different in the aspect of goals as Russia was highly concerned in making everyone literate to experience the works of Marx, Lenin and Stalin personally while neither the Chinese communist party nor the Kuomintang cared much about literacy for the masses. Another differences was the characterization of the Russian revolution by World war 1 leading to the revolt against a ruling Tsar while China, was not affected by the war was more of a civil war between the nationalists and Mao’s peasants. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Chinese and Russian Revolutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even so, both nations ended up with Communist revolutions, following the proletariat ruling belief. During the early 20th century, the Russian revolutionaries wanted all its people to be literate as to experience by reading the works of Karl Marx, Lenin and Stain first hand. Overall they were very successful in increasing the literacy rate in general. This was possible because immediately after the revolution, education was greatly overhauled in the spending on popular education. Free eduction was ordered for all children from the ages of three to sixteen years old as well as the duplication of schools within the first two years. Coeducation was also imposed as to get rid of sex discrimination and for the welfare of the whole society. However in China, the revolution did not really care about teaching and education for their citizens but rather focused primarily on replacing the existing system of government and its ruler with one headed up by the leader of the revolution, Mao Ze Dong. Another difference between the Russian and Chinese revolution was that the Russian revolution was influenced a lot by the first world war, while the Chinese revolution was untouched by it and still fought for the same beliefs as the Russian revolution. The Russian revolution was highlighted by the overthrow of Nicholas II which was brought on by the end of the first world war. Differently, the Chinese revolution was not affected by the first world war and was sparked by the Marxist ideas of the working class being able to rule. Even though the first world war was not a cause of the revolution, Mao Ze Dong’s peasant army and Chiang Kai’s nationalist army still fought until Mao’s forces defeated the nationalists in 1949. The major similarity between the Russian revolution and the Chinese revolution would be that both revolutions made the path for the nations to become Communists. They were both led by charismatic leaders Lenin and Mao Ze Dong, who were able to unite the people into the revolution. Both had similar goals and outcomes as they both aimed for the working class, Proletariats, to rule against the ruling class. Both revolutions also aimed to establishing a state ownership in their countries as well as removing any kind of inequalities within the nation. Both ending up as communist nations, the Russian revolution and the Chinese revolution were shaped by different sparks and aimed to reach its goals through different methods but strived for a similar goal inspired by the Marxist ideas of the Proletariat class to rule. How to cite Compare and Contrast the Chinese and Russian Revolutions, Papers

Influence of Stakeholders in Contemporary Organisations

Introduction Public relation involves the management of information between an individual or an organisation and the larger public. The process of handling this information may affect the target audience depending on how it is carried out. The parties involved in the undertaking can be referred to as stakeholders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Stakeholders in Contemporary Organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They include the communicator, the channel of communication, and the audience or recipient of the information. The word ‘stakeholder’ in an organisation refers to a person or party who is interested in something pertaining to the firm. The individuals play a crucial role in the well-being of an organisation. Employees, clients, and suppliers are examples of stakeholders. According to Fill (2002, p. 235), it is important for an organisation to identify and understand its s takeholders. The move helps to determine where power lies in the matrix of the firm. In turn, this impacts on strategies at various levels of the focus organisation (Fill 2002, p. 235). A critical look at this statement reveals that Fill’s claim is factual. It is true that stakeholders play a crucial role in the operations of a contemporary organisation. In this paper, the author will critically evaluate this statement from the perspective of motivation, communication, classical organisation, and human relations theories. The Power and Influence of Stakeholders in a Modern Organisation Identifying Stakeholders In many organisations, most decisions are made by the management team. At times, the administrators fail to take into consideration the impacts of their decisions on various stakeholders. Implementation of these decisions and policies affects stakeholders, customers, suppliers, and other parties in various ways. A negative reaction on the part of these stakeholders may disrupt the activities of the organisation (Fill 2002, p. 236). According to Fill, it is important to understand these parties and their needs. They are the ones who determine the location and distribution of power in the organisation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They inform who holds power and influence and how they use it. It is also important to note that understanding these individuals affects the formulation and implementation of strategies at different levels of the organisation. In addition, it impacts on the impacts of these decisions on the firm (Fill 2002, p. 233). Organisations are formed to achieve varying objectives for the owners. They have a set goal that they have to fulfil within a specified period of time. To achieve these objectives, the firm can adopt different strategies. As stated by Fill (2002, p. 235), understanding stakeholders is a strength that helps the entity to come up with the strategies needed to oversee its operations. The focus of an organisation, as stated by Fill (2002, p. 235), refers to the objectivity of the firm. A focus organisation works towards the achievement of the set goal. Such an entity has various traits. They include unity, transparency, and respect. According to Fill (2002, p. 236), the success of the operations of such a firm depends on the nature of these characteristics. The management is held responsible for most of the decisions that are made within the entity. The policies implemented can either be strong or poor. Their strengths and weaknesses depend on, among others, the management’s level of training. They are also determined by the strategies applied by the firm in resolving conflicts (Fill 2002, p. 237). The level of training, on its part, depends on the operations of the organisation. Training the management team is important to the firm. According to Fill (2002, p. 235), the mov e helps the owners of the firm to understand the stakeholders of the organisation. It is also noted that the norms of the entity and the environment within which it is operating can affect the stakeholders either negatively or positively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Stakeholders in Contemporary Organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The administration team is charged with the responsibility of cultivating an enabling environment for all stakeholders. Consequently, exposing the managers to different environments equips them with the skills needed to handle their customers and other stakeholders. The environment within which the organisation is operating is determined by the relationship between the stakeholders and the management team (Coombs 2007, p. 170). The observation supports Fill’s assertion that identifying the needs of the stakeholders is important with regards to the succ ess of a focus organisation. Identifying and Understanding Stakeholders from the Perspective of the Motivation Theory Different theories have been used to identify and explain stakeholders in a contemporary organisation. They include, among others, the motivation theory. According to this model, stakeholders, need to be treated in right way. They are some of the major determinants of the location and flow of power in an entity (Coombs Holladay 2002, p. 180). The power associated with encouraging stakeholders in their various capacities can in turn play a role in the development of the organisation. It influences the formulation and implementation of strategies at a number of levels within the firm (Fill 2002, p. 235). According to Fill (2002, p. 235), stakeholders are an asset to an entity. However, their value to the firm depends on how this asset is utilised to yield the required results. Stakeholders can bring down or build an organisation. If they are motivated enough, they wil l support the firm. However, if they lack inspiration, they may work against the success of the organisation. Motivation theories explain how stakeholders can be influenced to work more. The dedication and morale towards work comes at a price for the management. It all involves understanding what the stakeholders need and require. Building a good working relationship is important (Gagne Deci 2005, p. 340).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Motivation varies depending on the duties of the stakeholders. The administration team should identify the best ways to inspire the stakeholders. The motivation can be carried out at the individual or the group level. In addition, it can take different forms, including salary increments and introduction of bonuses (Fill 2002, p. 235). Suppliers also need to be considered in their activities. Stakeholders feel appreciated when their efforts are recognised. They end up working more, which in turn helps the organisation to grow and achieve its goals. Apart from bonuses, giving the stakeholders time to relax is also important (Locke Latham 2004, p. 391). It is a way of ensuring that the stakeholders take a break from their routine duties. When they embark on their work after the break, they do so with energy and dedication. The environmental needs of the stakeholders also need to be taken care of. Establishing a favourable working environment for the stakeholders is one way of motivati ng them. They are humans and they need to be in safe surroundings free of risks. Understanding the environmental needs of the stakeholders influences strategy at different levels of the organisation (Fill 2002, p. 235). Again, it is the role of the employer to offer security and enhance safety standards for all its stakeholders. Poor working conditions demoralises many stakeholders. Many people in an organisation value their safety. It is evident in cases where stakeholders have rioted or disengaged from work due to insecurity issues (Ruigrok Wagner 2003, p. 77). The strikes lead to losses and reduced productivity in the organisation. Understanding the needs of the stakeholders helps firms avert these scenarios. Analysing Stakeholders from the Perspective of the Communication Theory Communication is important to the operations of a focus organisation. It holds a lot of power that can help in transforming the firm. According to Fill (2002, p. 235), communication among stakeholders d etermines the relationships existing in an organisation. In most cases, managers tend to alienate themselves from other stakeholders. It is not a wise thing to do, especially in a business organisation (Gagne Deci 2005, p. 354). A functional establishment should promote effective communication. The move allows for the participation of stakeholders in the process of making decisions that are crucial to the organisation (Coombs 2007, p. 169). Involving stakeholders in the decision making process eliminates frosty relationships in the workplace. It also does away with the barriers that bring wrangles and disputes in an organisation. Socialisation between stakeholders is also an important virtue in a contemporary firm. It makes it possible to carry out different social activities with the stakeholders. According to the communication theory, the tone used by the communicator may affect the people in the environment. Stakeholders should be treated in a dignified manner as adults. The man agement needs to identify the right tone to use on them to avoid sounding commanding. Many people dislike been commanded. Even though it is necessary, some people are resistant to such incidences (Coombs Holladay 2002, p. 181). Leaders must learn to be polite. Politeness benefits both the management and stakeholders. In cases of conflicts, it is hard to come to an amicable solution when the management commands the stakeholders. The tone used in communication is an example of a strategy that can work positively for the focus organisation. Psychological needs like rest, physical comfort, and reasonable work hours are also important considerations in motivation (Jawahar McLaughlin 2001, p. 400). It is also a way through which a leader can show concern towards the wellbeing of an organisation. Changes should be communicated in the right way to avoid resistance. Consequently, it is true that understanding stakeholders is power to an organisation. Failure to do this is a threat to the f ocus organisation. Understanding the Power of Stakeholders from the Perspective of the Classical Organisation Theory The classical organisation theory also holds that understanding stakeholders is a move that influences strategies in a focus organisation. The model lays down different organisational principles. They include guidelines set aside by the management to help in the smooth running of an entity. They are also aimed at solving some of the internal and external problems affecting an entity (Fill 2002, p. 235). A focus organisation needs a set of principles to operate optimally. The principles that are used to guide the operations of the entity are not estimated. Most of them are things that are discussed upon. After investigations, some of them are put into application. A good example of such a principle is the need for uniforms. Different organisations opt to have uniforms because of various reasons. However, the purpose of these attires is not to torture the stakeholders. On the contrary, it is a way of marketing an organisation. Some entities also use uniforms to be presentable (Locke Latham 2004, p. 401). Consumers in today’s market appreciate organisations that are unique and presentable. Consequently, the use of uniforms endears the firm to the market. According to the classical organisational theory, using uniforms is a strategy that can be used to enhance the image of the firm. The approach is also effective in public relations. According to Frederick Taylor, scientific management requires the application of various principles. Most of these policies are important in public relations. Relating with the public is not limited to management and stakeholders. On the contrary, it involves other individuals, including the public itself. The stakeholders involved include the management, customers, employees, suppliers, and the public. The principles are in line with those advocated for by Fill (2002, p. 235). The first policy involves assignin g all responsibilities to the manager rather than to other stakeholders. It is true that a focus organisation has to take into consideration the strategy to use in allocating responsibilities. The concerned parties should identify and analyse the stakeholders before the allocation process (Fill 2002, p. 235). It is the duty of the administrators to assign duties. Different stakeholders are qualified to perform given tasks. Sorting them out accordingly is what a manager in a focus environment should do (Fill 2002, p. 235). Planning and designing of work should be carried out in accordance with the qualification of the stakeholders. The strategy helps to deal with low productivity. It also helps to do away with avoidable mistakes in an organisation (Ruigrok Wagner 2003, p. 78). The next principle after selecting the best individual to carry out a designated task involves identifying the right way to carry out the job. According to Fill (2002, p. 235), a focused organisation must be r esponsible for its actions. Guidance with regards to all operations is always recommended. The whole entity is responsible to the market and the public. Informing stakeholders on the right method to carry out their duties helps in perfecting their roles (Locke Latham 2004, p. 399). Scientific management also requires proper training of workers and other parties (Fill 2002, p. 235). A focus organisation has to create the best environment for these stakeholders. To this end, every stakeholder should be comfortable in their position. Each of them should know what to do and how to do it. The relationship between stakeholders and the management is enhanced through training and other interventions. Leaders need to understand these stakeholders to know what they can handle. Such knowledge informs the flow of power from the management level to the echelons of the stakeholders. Scientific management of organisations informs the location of power in the entity. The scientific theory stipulat es that monitoring performance is one of the strategies that can be used to manage a focus organisation. Some managers fail to evaluate the progress of their projects (Fill 2002, p. 235). Such ignorance is not recommended as anything may happen in the process. The theory provides for support in the work organisation. Human Relations and Stakeholders in Contemporary Organisations The theory explains how the management and the stakeholders should relate to each other. The model brings together the communication and motivation theories. To a large extent, the theory takes communication as a two-way experience. The two channels include the management stakeholders’ ways of communication. Human relation theory concurs with the statement by Fill (2002, p. 235) about understanding stakeholders. It challenges leaders to relate well with their charges (Cohen-Charash Spector 2001, p. 300). The management is required to monitor the progress made by stakeholders in their daily activities . The theory underscores the importance of direct communication with stakeholders. It is why organisations have human resource and marketing managers. The duty of these administrators is to monitor the welfare of stakeholders. The strategy works in many organisations because it is easy to learn about stakeholders by establishing direct contacts with them. Some firms avoid this direct interaction with their stakeholders. Such entities use memos to communicate changes to suppliers and other stakeholders (Locke Latham 2004, p. 389). Such an approach makes the stakeholders feel neglected by the management. Leaders in a focus organisation make efforts to meet all members of staff at least once or twice per year (Friedman Miles 2002, p. 14). It is the reason why annual general meetings are held. A wide range of issues are discussed during these gatherings. The most important element in human relation is the affairs of the stakeholders(Fill 2002, p. 236). Their grievances have to be take n into consideration by the management. During meetings, leaders are required to discuss the solutions they have to some of the problems presented. Awards and promotions are also dealt with during such gatherings. Effective human relation establishments enhance the performance of the organisation. Public relation involves skills in human interactions. The whole aspect of human relations is power in itself. It influences strategies within a focus organisation (DeShon Gillespie 2005, p. 1096). Team building is a strategy used in a focus organisation to promote its operations. It involves bringing stakeholders together to work towards a common goal for the firm. In the process, a team spirit is cultivated. Performance under such circumstances is improved when stakeholderse relate well with each other. The management team has a role to play in this regard. For example, the team is expected to provide stakeholders with conditions that are conducive for teamwork. According to Fill (2002, p. 235), creating a team spirit is a strategy that a focus organisation can apply to achieve its objectives both in the long term and in the short term. Team building in itself also invokes motivation (Jawahar McLaughlin 2001, p. 400). When people work together, they motivate each other. They are able to overcome different challenges that crop up at the workplace. Conclusion It is true that understanding who stakeholders are helps to determine where power lies in an organisation. In turn, this influences strategies at different levels within a focus organisation. A focus organisation is fully dedicated in achieving all its short and long term objectives. A number of models, such as motivation, communication, classical organisation, and human resource theories, support this assertion. The relationship created at the workplace depends on the efforts applied by both the management team and the stakeholders. Leaders in a focus entity must guide their stakeholders to help them adopt th e right strategies required to meet the objectives of the firm. Motivation of these stakeholders is also important. The outcome of the whole process is power that moves an organisation towards its goals. However, for this to occur, managerial effectiveness is required. It is possible that change may be resisted in many firms. However, stakeholders should realise that transformations are necessary. The management team should come up with strategies to counter this resistance among stakeholders. References Cohen-Charash, Y Spector, P 2001, ‘The role of justice in organisations: a meta-analysis’, Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, vol. 86 no. 2, pp. 278-321. Available from http://www.academia.edu/206561/The_role_of_justice_in_organizations_A_meta-analysis Coombs, T 2007, ‘Protecting organisation reputations during a crisis: the development and application of situational crisis communication theory’, Corporate Reputation Review, vol. 10 no. 3, pp. 163-176. Available from http://www.palgrave-journals.com/crr/journal/v10/n3/full/1550049a.html Coombs, W Holladay, S 2002, ‘Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory’, Management Communication Quarterly, vol. 16 no. 2, pp. 165-186. Available from http://mcq.sagepub.com/content/16/2/165.abstract DeShon, R Gillespie, J 2005, ‘A motivated action theory account of goal orientation’, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 90 no. 6, pp. 1096-1127. Available from http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0CCIQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.138.1046%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdfei=V5E8Vev-AcXZasbTgOAPusg=AFQjCNETvoAVM9pwlokqOyz1XOnSF1ontgsig2=dCDuzIdps5rTECFZ_EY1lgbvm=bv.91665533,d.d2s Fill, C 2002, Marketing communications: context, strategies, and applications, 3rd edn, Financial Time Prentice Hall, Harlow. Fri edman, A Miles, S 2002, ‘Developing stakeholder theory’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 39 no. 1, pp. 1-21. Available from http://econpapers.repec.org/article/blajomstd/v_3a39_3ay_3a2002_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a1-21.htm Gagne, M Deci, E 2005, ‘Self†determination theory and work motivation’, Journal of Organisational Behaviour, vol. 26 no. 4, pp. 331-362. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/job.322/abstract Jawahar, I McLaughlin, G 2001, ‘Toward a descriptive stakeholder theory: an organisational life cycle approach’, The Academy of Management Review, vol. 26 no. 3, pp. 397-414. Available from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/259184?uid=2129uid=2uid=70uid=4sid=21106150697061 Locke, E Latham, G 2004, ‘What should we do about motivation theory?: six recommendations for the twenty-first century’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 29 no. 3, pp. 388-403. Available from http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq =esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8sqi=2ved=0CB0QFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FGary_Latham2%2Fpublication%2F270345814_What_Should_We_Do_about_Motivation_Theory_Six_Recommendations_for_the_Twenty-First_Century%2Flinks%2F54b448ef0cf2318f0f96d0e4.pdfei=yZI8VZ6YC-Ld7QbXiYHQDgusg=AFQjCNF01agPOw6aY6qUMFEgs85MKXc-cwsig2=Dlyt-nXB1c_H8TZ8tP_wfQbvm=bv.91665533,d.d2s Ruigrok, W Wagner, H 2003, ‘Internationalisation and performance: an organisational learning perspective’, Management International Review, vol. 43 no. 1, pp. 63-83. Available from http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8sqi=2ved=0CCIQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F36385588_Internationalization_and_performance_An_organizational_learning_perspective%2Flinks%2F0912f50e757b0ccb44000000.pdfei=9ZI8VZG8MeSP7AapxICYCwusg=AFQjCNH5f5G51M7vhZaisa9zVqwtGadeYgsig2=kidzHwCiUPeCDfN6FzeKhQbvm=bv.91665533,d.d2s This essay on Influence of Stakeholders in Contemporary Organisations was written and submitted by user Kason Holland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level

Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level Introduction It is no doubt that terrorism impacts are harsh and among the worst evils perpetrated by humans against fellow mankind. The 9/11 bombings and the bombings conducted on the pentagon and the World Trade Centre have left even the most powerful nation; the United States of America, in much fear and with much consideration of what the terrorists might be planning to  execute in the near future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Terrorism has become one among the worst effects of globalization. With ease of movement, every nation ranging from Africa’s Kenya and Uganda to the worlds most powerful, the U.S and Britain which have witnessed the devastating impact of terrorism. The vulnerability has led governments, institutions and individuals at national and local level into preventative measures in case the t errorist attack once again. The preparation is being performed in an effort to reduce the stress and fear of what might happen. Apart from people becoming more cautious of the unexpected, at the local level campaigns and mobilization are being conducted to make people of the sudden terror attacks (Victor, 2006). Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level In an evaluation of the area surrounding Saint Leo, much has been done to prepare the community with skills to prepare them in an event of a terror attack. Many of the initiatives are conducted to educate individuals and their families on how to take precautionary measures (Victor, 2006). Most of the effort is sector based and directed towards the local community. Mutual aid agreements are made within the local unit to strengthen the community response function, as well as work with the federal sates so as to improve the answer on terror attacks. According to several sources, the first step in preparing for the sudden p anic attacks is to solicit information on what actually happens when terror attacks actually repeats itself. History always repeats itself, and there can be no dispute that terrorism attacks in every part of the world are perpetrated by the same individuals, in the same manner with the same motive. With lessons from the past, it is celebrated for every man to prepare themselves with knowledge of what actually happens when the terrorist attack (Sageman, 2000). Learning from areas where terrorist has already struck, people should become knowledgeable. This can be done at an individual level, where a person personally takes the initiative to search for information. This may include special levels where the head of the family or one family member seeks information and uses it to educate others on the best method of responding to fatalities.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re The effect of terrorism is detrimental to an entire body and putting this in mind, it is necessary to have someone who the body can communicate to in times when the disaster strikes (Sageman, 2000; Victor, 2006). The concerned individuals should be perfectly aware of the various ways of accessing the person that will need assistance during the rescue mission. In that essence, the operation group must figure out effective ways of reaching the victims on the ground. A reliable family friend or relative should be chosen so that the person is free and does not disappoint incase of disaster. In so doing, the person should be far aware from the community so that they are not direct victims in case of the terror attacks. On the other hand, they should not be too far so that travelling and communication becomes a problem. When travelling is not a problem, the individual can be consulted to come for the victims in case the terror attacks cause harm to means of transport for the pe rson or their family. Many times, terror attacks occur when family members are not running. It is therefore, crucial locally to equip every single member of the family with telephone contacts of the person who will become the liberation of the family in case of terror attacks. School going children should be given the telephone number of the person, and in every school, there should be a section where parents and guardians can make the emergency number of the person to be contacted incase of terror attacks (Michael, 2006; Sageman, 2000). While mobile phones have become the most appropriate means of communication in the modern society, it is also necessary to rely on emails and other forms of online communication since during attacks, telephone lines and mobile phone networks may become congested. It is necessary to make everyone aware at the local level to be calm in times of attacks because their calls to the person who will appear in their release might not be answered at the firs t instance of calling (Sageman, 2000). After having an official emergency rescue system and open channel of communication, it is acceptable for every person to identify their audience ground with their fellow tribe members or their friends who will assist in the event of a terror attacks. This step is particularly necessary because of the uncertainty that accompanies many terror attacks (Michael, 2006). At such times, people hardly think right and often go round in circles due to the heartache that comes with the monster incidents. Having a preliminary means that includes a meeting place reduces much trouble and helps curb the misery that is likely to be witnessed in case of terror. Also, having a meeting place way in advance helps simplify the process of coming into terms with reality and reducing the time spent in the search for a successful meeting ground. As discussed earlier, relations might become a problem in such a time and trying to discover each other will become more comp licated if there was not any agreed meeting place. While the agreed place might be a hotel, it is also crucial to include a place for pets while coming up with such a plan since many hotels policies bar pets.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many terror attacks strike when nobody is expecting them to strike. In light of this, it is crucial for every family to be educated and have hardware that the family can rely upon when the terrorism attack occurs. The number one requirement in such a kit should be medication for any sick family member that relies on them for assistance. For instance, this may include asthmatic children or treatment of diabetic individuals (Arnaud, 2007; Michael, 2006). Secondly, such a kit to rely on incase of failure should include significant essentials for every family member such clothes. In case there is a member of the family with any form of disability, it will be necessary to have all their necessities within the kit. In addition, it is necessary to include necessities for any elderly members or system food for newborn children. Having emergency equipment will make the family members more comfortable and reduce the burden of the attacks. At the local level, such kits should not miss bottled water and food since they are necessities for survival. On the other hand, having a sleeping bag and additional copies of critical certificates for every family member such as copies of the family will, copies of the driving license, life insurance policies, copies of marriage certificates, as well as birth certificates for the children will help provide closure to the package (Allan, 2003). All this can be stored in a family friend’s house inform of a duffel bag. In connection, schools also play a significant role during the planning process against terror attack; hence, they should never be neglected. As a matter of fact, it is necessary for every school to ensure it has an acceptable plan in case of terror attack. In case of such attacks, the school should instruct the children on an evacuation plan. Secondly, there should be an acceptable alignment with parents on how the children are sheltered or picked in case of an emergency. As such, schools should seek to eliminate unnecessary confusion and try to become as prepared as possible. Where parents are not available to pick up their children, the following should adequately inform the parents on what is required for someone else to pick up their child from school (Arnaud, 2007). As discussed earlier, telephone become jammed incase of disaster, and it is noteworthy that the school equips the parent with an email address that is used in cases of emergency rather than relying in the inconvenience and frustrations of jammed telephone lines.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, modern communication technologies mobilization at the local level has become efficient through the use of local radio stations. Local radio stations can be of considerable help in preparing for a terror attacks. The first step in utilizing local radio stations is to assist in case disaster strikes. This is achieved by training every practitioner in the station on how to communicate terror, as well as calm down the affected public. Officials in charge of emergency and disasters such as terrorism attacks and opinion leaders in the community should also be trained on how to address people by utilizing the local radio station. In doing so, it is necessary to know that when utilizing the media, it can be a double edging sword. The words used can either bring hope and calm to the victims of terror or accelerate tension and fear among the local communities. Therefore, the concerned individuals must consider every tone used while addressing issues of terror attacks. In co nnection, the local radio station can be a procedure that will help people assemble into a safe ground and also provide a channel of communication through which various members of the community can access each other. Emergency officials can also utilize the local radio station to direct individuals on the way forward (Arnaud, 2007). There is no better way to prepare individuals within a local community against a foreseen disaster than to train them on how to conduct first aid and evacuation strategies. As a result, the population will be well informed on the methods of assisting the injured before professional assistance can be traced. First aid is an essential tool in saving lives and equipping a proportionate number of the local community with first aid skills can be a key to saving lives (Allan, 2003). The trained individuals should be equally distributed in the region and well reliable to be in the community in case of an emergency. By being distributed in the region, the commun ity ensures that in whichever direction or location, the disaster strikes, there will be individuals well vast with first aid who will come to the rescue of the community. As a matter of fact, reliability assures availability in situations of terror attacks. As witnessed in the 911 attack, terror attacks may be accompanied by massive destruction within the transport and communication network, as well as in the affected building structures (Arnaud, 2007). As a preparatory measure, it is essential that every employer ensure they are well vast with the medical conditions of all their employees. Alongside the medical information, every employer should have sufficient contacts of members so as to allow for an effective communication (Allan, 2003). When terrorism attacks occur, health and medical facilities become jam-packed by the large number of casualties. As such, it is necessary that every health facility become prepared for such disasters; hence, ensure that they are well equipped t o handle the situation. In addition, it is necessary to equip the facilities with practitioners who will attend to the mental condition of victims, which comes as a result of trauma among some of the victims. Consequently, it will be an added advantage to have adequate personnel and bed spaces, which will ensure that there will be minimal overcrowding within such medical facilities. In the long run, all the injured persons will receive adequate treatment and be discharged in a timely manner. On several occasions, the media is perceived to have a harmful weight on the health and well being of the affected parties. This happens when media group tend to pressure already traumatized individuals into giving information about the occurrences and their experience. Therefore, it would be beneficial to try and control the media in future attacks so as to allow quick recovery among the victims of attack (Allan, 2003). While trying to establish the cause of attack, the media will go as far as intruding into the lives of the victims so as to get substantial evidence that will support their writing. As such, it will be beneficial to train the media practitioners on how to interview victims on an attack without causing further trauma. Summary of Findings Considering the legal implications of terror attacks, there will be heavy enforcement of laws at local, national and international level. At the local level, roads may be temporary blocked, and vehicles may be thoroughly scanned. It is necessary to educate legal officers to deal with the crisis appropriately while ensuring that perpetrators do not escape at close distance unnoticed. Though there are rare cases of people getting infected in the course of conducting rescue, it is necessary to educate everyone appropriately. As a first step, people should be trained to avoid direct contact with blood especially on exposed parts of their bodies and there should be readily available gloves to people conducting first aid and resc ue missions. As much as possible, children should be protected from witnessing the terror impacts as well as from watching any unedited information. Parents should be well informed in advance in order to expose children to only information that will not have a negative impact of their mental health. Another crucial way in which people can prepare for terror activities is by being keen of their surrounding and any unusual occurrence (Allan, 2003). Though terror activities strike when the victims least expects, the best way to prepare for the unusual is being aware of the usual environment. Despite, terror activities happen in unusual manners. People should be keen with their environment so that in case of any alterations within the environment, they can easily notice and report to the authority. For instance, when a person is keen with the speed limit within the locality, they can detect a vehicle that is intended to conduct some illegal business. As such, individuals must strive to be careful with strangers; hence, refrain from receiving unnecessary packages from them. Conclusions In conclusion, preparing for terrorism attacks is never an easy task for any individual or local community. At times, the community can be called to take precautionary measures like any other disaster despite the fact that terrorism is a more complex act than many other known attacks. Individuals need to be on the lookout at every single minute of their lives because it can never be easy to predict when terror attacks. As established, it is remarkably important to plan against terror attack since this will minimize the risk of the vice occurring, or limit the effect that such a disaster can cause on the local population. References Allan, M. (2003). Why Terrorism Works: Understanding The Threat Responding To The  Challenge. Yale: Yale University Press. Arnaud, G. (2007).The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. California: University of California. Michael, P. (2006). T he Terrorist Identity: Explaining the Terrorist Threat. New York, NY: New York University Press. Sageman, M. (2000). Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty First Century.  London: University of Pennsylvania Press. Victor, E. (2006). Preparing the US Army for Homeland Security: Concept and Issues. New York, NY: Rand Corporation.

African American History and Women Timeline 1920-1929

African American History and Women Timeline 1920-1929 The Harlem Renaissance: also called the New Negro Movement, a blossoming of arts, culture, and social action in the African American community all through the 1920s 1920 19th Amendment to the US Constitution became law, but practically this did not give the vote to Southern African American women, who, like African American men, were largely prevented by other legal and extra-legal measures from exercising the voteMamie Smith and Her Jazz Hounds recorded the first blues record, which sold more than 75,000 copies in its first monthNational League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes shortens its name to National Urban LeagueKaty Ferguson Home founded, named for 19th century African American educatorUniversal African Black Cross Nurses founded, for public education, by the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) led by Marcus GarveyZeta Phi Beta Sorority founded at Howard University, Washington, DCSadie Tanner Mossell Alexander received a Ph.D, the first African American woman to do so.  Eva B. Dykes (Radcliffe) and Georgiana R. Simpson (University of Chicago) follow.(October 12) Alice Childress born (writer) 1921 Bessie Coleman became the first African American woman to earn a pilots licenseAlice Paul reversed an invitation to Mary Burnett Talbert of the NAACP to speak to the National Womans Party, asserting that the NAACP supported racial equality and did not address gender equality(September 14) Constance Baker Motley born (lawyer, activist) 1922 Lucy Diggs Stowe became Howard Universitys Dean of WomenAnti-lynching bill passes United States House, fails in the United States SenateUnited Negro Improvement Association appointed Henrietta Vinton Davis as Fourth Assistant President, responding to criticism by women members of gender discrimination(August 14) Rebecca Cole died (second African American woman to graduate from medical school, worked with Elizabeth Blackwell in New York) 1923 Bessie Smith recorded Down Hearted Blues, signing a contract with Columbia to make race records, and helping rescue Columbia from imminent failureGertrude Ma Rainey recorded her first record(September) Cotton Club opened in Harlem - women entertainers were subjected to the paper bag test: only those whose skin color was lighter than a brown paper bag were hired(October 15) Mary Burnett Talbert died (activist: anti-lynching, civil rights; nurse; NAACP director, president of the National Association of Colored Women 1916-1921)(November 9) Alice Coachman born (first African American woman to win an Olympic gold medal ((London, high jump)), National Track and Field Hall of Fame)(November 9) Dorothy Dandridge born (actress, singer, dancer) 1924 Mary Montgomery Booze became the first African American woman elected to the Republican National CommitteeElizabeth Ross Hayes became the first African American woman board member of the YWCA(March 13) Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin died (journalist, activist, lecturer)(March 27) Sarah Vaughan born (singer)(May 31) Patricia Roberts Harris born (lawyer, politician, diplomat)(August 29) Dinah Washington (Ruth Lee Jones) born (singer)(October 27) Ruby Dee born (actress, playwright, activist)(November 30) Shirley Chisholm born (social worker, politician; first African American woman to serve in the US Congress)(December 7) Willie B. Barrow born (minister, civil rights activist)1924-1928 Mary McLeod Bethune served as president of the National Association of Colored Womens Clubs (NACWC) 1925 Founding of the Hesperus Club of Harlem, the first womens auxiliary of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car PortersBessie Smith and Louis Armstrong recorded St. Louis BluesJosephine Baker performed in Paris at La Revue Negro(June 4) Mary Murray Washington died (educator, founder of the Tuskegee Womans Club, wife of Booker T. Washington) 1926 First Negro History Week promoted by Carter G. WoodsonYWCA adopted an interracial charterAfrican American women were beaten in Birmingham, Alabama, for attempting to register to votePublication of Hallie Browns  Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction, profiles of notable African American womenViolette N. Anderson became the first African American woman attorney to present a case before the U.S. Supreme CourtBessie Coleman died (pilot) 1927 Minnie Buckingham was appointed to fill her husbands remaining term in the West Virginia state legislatureSelena Sloan Butler founded the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers, focusing on segregated colored schools in the South (merged with PTA in 1970)Mary White Ovington published Portraits in Color, biographies of African American leadersFuneral for actress Florence Mills drew more than 150,000 in HarlemNella Larsens novel, Quicksand, publishedJosephine Baker played in La Sirene des tropiquesTuskegee established a womens track teamCoretta Scott King born (activist, singer)(February 10) Leontyne Price born (singer)(April 25) Althea Gibson born (tennis athlete, first African American to play in American Lawn Tennis Association championship, first African American to win at Wimbledon) 1928 Publication of An Autumn Love Cycle by Georgia Douglas Johnson(April 4) Maya Angelou born 1929 Regina Anderson helped found Harlems Negro Experimental TheaterAugusta Savage won Rosenwald grant for Gamin and used the funds to study in EuropeBessie Smith recorded Nobody Knows You When Youre Down and Out(May 16) Betty Carter born (jazz singer)(October) stock market crash, a sign of the oncoming Great Depression, where African Americans, including women, were usually the last hired, first fired(1929-1934) Maggie Lena Walker chaired Consolidated Bank and Trust, which she created by merging several Richmond, Virginia, banks

Free Trade and its Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Free Trade and its Benefits - Essay Example e study of this subject very seriously. According to Lipsey,International Trade is a transaction and trade of goods and services between two individuals living in different countries,two companies operating in different countries and even two governments indulging in some form of trading activity.International trade becomes Free Trade when there are no taxes, quotas and tariffs are levied to these transactions. International trade becomes controlled trade when taxes and quotas are present in the trade activity involving two parties from different countries.There are certain advantages of Free Trade such as efficiency,improved standard of living and foreign earning.The disadvantages of Free Trade are plenty too.These include government revenue loss, deterioration for local industry and outflow of foreign reserves.It is widely believed that free trade leads to efficiency.This can be explained by a diagram,but we must keep in mind that opposite of free trade is one where the host govern ment charges either tariffs or quotas on imported goods. In the above diagram, it can be seen that free trade is more meritorious to a situation where either no international trade is taking place or where the trade is not free. At first there is no free trade. The market is work at a point where D=S or where demand is equated to supply. The equilibrium quantity of goods traded at this point is represented by â€Å"Y†. If the country decided to indulge in free trade then SW will become the supply curve and fewer goods will be traded in the market at point â€Å"Y1†. The reason why the quantity of goods traded in the market is reduced is because the imported goods are cheaper and local production of goods has reduced and the gap between Y-Y1 is filled by imported goods. This is a point of controversy and economists who are against Free Trade argue that free trade will lead to closure and downsizing of local businesses resulting in massive unemployment in the country. Un der these circumstances Free Trade looks like an evil and it looks a valid claim that imported goods should be stopped from penetrating the local markets. However, the supporters of Free Trade claim that it leads to better utilization of world’s scarce resources. They use the theories of absolute and comparative advantage to justify their claim and recommends that the country should divert from production of goods in which it does not have an absolute and comparative advantage to the good where these advantages can be exploited. However, many countries choose a different route and exploit the benefits of allocative efficiency. They charge some sort of taxes to imported goods or give subsidies to local industries to make sure that local production remains high and local industries are able to compete with the imported goods. This leads to partial improvement in local industries situation, but at the expense of efficiency. Hence, one can see that any trade that is taxed or rest ricted cannot yield same amount of efficiency as uncontrolled trade. Free Trade also renders certain other advantages too. It leads to an increase in choices that people can make. This is a necessary condition for improvement in living standard of people. Hence, Free Trade allows people to live a better life. Free Trade

Environmental Regulation and Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Regulation and Protection - Essay Example The political factors include; environmental regulation and protection, consumer protection, international trade regulations, employment laws, taxation, and competition regulations among others. Environmental Regulation and Protection The government through Environmental Protection Agency imposes various rules and regulations to protect the environment. These rules impact on businesses directly especially the manufacturing industries which are high pollutants of environment. Moreover, customers are nowadays buying products from green companies who are environmentally friendly thus putting pressure on businesses to go green (Robbins & Coulter, 2009).Those businesses who have not appreciated green strategies thus risk losing their businesses. The New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) is the body concerned with environmental regulation through Protection of Environment Operations Act (PEOA) of 1997. Businesses are supposed to acquire licenses and carry out environmental training for the staff. Strict penalties and fines are applied to those individuals and businesses that contravene the law and pollute water, air, land and for improper waste management. The organization thus needs to continuously update itself on environmental laws to avoid prosecution. For example, a copper manufacturer was fined $28, 000 for causing toxic overflow in Sydney (NSW, 2011). Fernando (2010) argues that businesses should convert environment issues to their own advantage. Those businesses who protect the environment earn themselves a good reputation. Others engage in continuous innovations hence improving the environment as well as the business. Businesses also are forced to use environmentally friendly product and packages and also processes and these are cost effective. For example, McDonalds was forced to use recycled materials in packaging and transport by customers. Consumer Protection The government has the responsibility of protecting consumers form uncouth businessmen through various measures such as setting quality standards, safety standards and ensuring efficient distribution of goods and services (Fernando 2010). Sometimes, businessmen carry out extensive advertisement of products thus attracting buyers but the goods may be substandard. It is the role of government to ensure all relevant information is put on labels to avoid such instances. It also enforces regulations such as those stipulated on standard weight and measures Act, consumer protection Act among others. Such rules impact on the business as it is required to change its advertising techniques as well as pricing. For example, a government control on cigarettes may force businesses to close or lower production. In India, the Essential Commodity Act of 1955 allows the government to declare any commodity as essential hence control its production and distribution (Fernando, 2010). International Trade Regulations Most countries have opened their borders to free trad e but sometimes, they enforce trade restrictions to protect critical industries from competition. Most countries have also entered into trade agreements with trading partners and these agreements form basis for international trade rules. For example, World Trade Organization (WTO), North America

The Chikungunya Virus: Symptoms and Causes

The Chikungunya Virus: Symptoms and Causes Chikungunya virus, also known as Chikungunya fever, is most often found in urban areas of India and also in other countries such as Africa and other regions in Southeast Asia. They tend to appear in very crowded areas, which allow transmission of the virus to be more efficient. It is a single stranded, enveloped RNA virus that is a part of the genus Alphavirus (Riezebos-Brilman). All Alphavirus are transmitted to Humans through infected mosquitoes, which for Chikungunya virus in particular, does not cause as deadly symptoms as does other viruses. Although Chikungunya has not been reported to cause death in Humans, its symptoms can still affect some individuals adversely. These symptoms can be long-lasting; however they seem to eventually disappear. There is not one specific treatment for Chikungunya fever, but it can be treated separately by each symptom (Chikungunya). Even though there are not any specific treatments for Chikungunya fever, there are many prevention methods or strate gies that can be used to avoid mosquitos. In order for Chikungunya virus to gain entrance into Humans, it must first infect mosquitoes. Mosquitoes become infected by biting Humans that are already infected with Chikungunya virus and the mosquitos can then infect Humans who are not infected. Specifically the vector that mainly transmits the infection is the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which are also known as the yellow fever mosquito (Chikungunya). After Aedes aegypti spreads the infection to Humans by biting into the skin, the virus primarily does all of its replication in the cytoplasm. It starts off by attaching its surface protein to the host cells receptor on its plasma membrane where it then enters the cell by endocytosis and transported to endosomes. Uncoating of the capsid occurs by acidification which involves a change in pH eventually causing the capsid to uncoat. The capsid is a regular, icosahedral, twenty-faced structure that holds the genome. The genome is comprised of a positive single-stranded RNA, which is theref ore classified as Baltimore class IV. When the genome is free of the capsid, it can skip transcription and go straight to mRNA processing (because it is a positive strand) and translation in the cytoplasm. A crucial step that initiates translation involves eIF2-alpha, which allows normal-house keeping genes to shut off. Also, during translation, the first ORF is translated, which encodes for four particular proteins (nsP1, nsP2, nsP3 and nsP4) that makes replicase (a viral protein). Replicase forms the negative strand intermediate (42S RNA) and which will then in turn create more positive stranded RNA. After translation, the capsid is assembled by ribosomes and the lipid-protein envelope (only proteins in envelope are glycoproteins) is assembled at the plasma membrane where it egresses the cell by budding (Riezebos-Brilman). Upon replication of Chikungunya virus, there are many symptoms and diseases that affect Humans. Most symptoms start to show within one to twelve days and sometimes symptoms do not even show. One of the most common symptoms that first appears is fever (which is why is it commonly known as Chikungunya fever). Fevers can be as high as 104ÂÂ °F, which can last from days to weeks. Other common symptoms that appear in the beginning of infection are fever, chills, vomiting, joint pain, headaches, vomiting, swelling of joints, bleeding/hemorrhage, fatigue, muscle pain, and rash (Bhowmikb). One symptom in particular that is the most often seen symptom is arthritis. The word Chikungunya comes from an African root that means bend over, which is refers to arthritis (Just The Facts: Chikungunya). Even though almost all of these symptoms can be prolonged (days to weeks to even months), they eventually disappear. The virus lipid envelope is what allows the immune system to detect it. The symptoms are very similar to Dengue, which is seen in the same areas as where Chikungunya virus is present and also which is why Chikungunya virus is often misdiagnosed as Dengue. The only way to differentiate the difference between Dengue and Chikungunya virus is by performing a blood test (ELISA), which can be time consuming. Although it is important that the two diseases are distinguished from one another, many doctors use the symptoms to distinguish between the two viruses simply for the fact because blood testing takes too long (Chikungunya). Even after diagnoses, the virus or disease cannot be treated because there is no vaccine or a particular antiviral treatment. For the most part, symptoms are individually treated and medications such as ibuprofen, paracetamol, or naproxen are suggested to relive symptoms of fever, headaches, aching. Often times NSAIDA pills are given to those who are infected to treat only certain symptoms. There have been a few clinical trials in the making. One for example, is a prototype vaccine that has been successful in monkeys, but will soon be tested on Humans later this year. The vaccine is live and it allows the immune system to recognize the outer layer of the virus but does not allow the immune system to recognize the virus genome (which essentially prevents replication from occurring). They then isolated antibodies from the virus and put them into mice, which were also protected against the virus (Maugh). Since there are only clinical trials in the making as of now and since there is not one specific treatment, it is highly recommended, that fluids are frequently taken. An abundance of rest is also recommended and also infected people should avoid staying out doors from other potential mosquito exposure. Avoiding potential mosquito exposure will essentially help to avoid transmission rate in a given region to rise. It is a good idea to have prevention methods in mind since there is not a specific treatment for Chikungunya fever. An example of a prevention method is using mosquito repellents containing DEET (Bhowmikb) or Picaridin on clothes and on the skin. Also when staying indoors, a well-netted/screened area or air conditioned areas would help prevent transmission. When outdoors, on the other hand, wearing long clothing that covers most of the skin can help prevent mosquito bites. Also, getting clear of any source of mosquitos around living areas would help prevent mosquito existence vastly. Areas such as birdbaths, standing water from flowering pots, barrels, and pet dishes would clear a large source of mosquitoes (Chikungunya). Large sources where mosquitoes usually exist are urban areas because Humans are good reservoirs for the virus. Those areas that are especially surrounded with poverty, environmental tragedies (such as natural disasters), tropical climate predominantly year round, and areas where public health is corrupted are prime spots for mosquitos and are also good spots for a virus to transmit by mosquito-Human-mosquito. Many third world countries are targets for Chikungunya fever. Countries such as India, Pakistan, South Africa, and the Philippines have been seen with problems with this particular disease. In areas where there is an abundance of mosquitos and where poverty has flourished, nets or screens are usually used to prevent mosquitos from entering households. Since there is an abundance of the disease in third world countries, there is an issue of money. Most of these countries cannot afford to provide every household with screening or net and therefore transmission becomes easier. Not only is location an issue but demographic is also. Anyone who is bitten by a mosquito is at risk for being infected, but some people show symptoms more than others. For instance, some individuals do not show any symptoms. This is primarily seen in children. Pregnant women can be at risk for passing it to their children. They can be infected at any time of their pregnancy but they are usually only at risk for passing it to their child if it is in their bloodstream during the time of delivery. Also, mortality rate is very low and is rarely seen but it does increase with increasing age. Perhaps the reason why Chikungunya fever is a problem in various countries around the world is due to the fact that there is no actual treatment and there is only medicine available to help ease the symptoms. Also it seems as if there have been various clinical trials (Dwivedi) arising due to a recent rising epidemic in countries such as India and South Africa. Though this virus is not viewed as detrimental compared to other viruses to populations because of low mortality rate, it still has been arising symptomatic problems in certain people, such as those who experience joint pains or swelling of joints for years (Chikungunya). Not only are the symptoms themselves a problem, but the fact that they can last for so long and they that they can cause multiple symptoms at one time. Since the virus does tend to show up frequently in third world countries money tends to be an issue. There are so many families whom come from poverty and cannot afford to pay for medication that requires to be taken over such a long period of time. Therefore if there were a specific treatment for Chikungunya virus, then maybe is would not be an epidemic in certain countries.

Disciple Making Plan Essay

The mandate of the Body of Christ to make disciples has been established. The Church needs to embody in physical structuring and deeds what is necessary to make this happen. It is obvious we need to do whatever it takes to make that a reality. Therefore, we must put together a plan – a disciple making plan that embraces that vision with biblical truths that show the values from which give direction for that vision to follow. The structural and existing means to how this is to be done, also known as the vehicles that enable this to get accomplished must be examined. The different player’s views that steer the work as they sense the work of the Holy Spirit need to be defined and understood. And finally, there must be tangible means of measurement to evaluate the effectiveness the work. God spoke to His people through the prophet Jeremiah. It was during a time where the children of Israel were in exile. God was showing His faithfulness to His people during this time of being without. God shared His heart and how it all relates to having a plan. Jeremiah 29:11 (KJV) says, â€Å"For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the LORD, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end.† God’s plan shows us He has a vision for us, His people. This is a plan for our benefit, future, and to give us hope. The same kind of plan should be what is put together within the church for His people. Scott M. Gibson and Warren Wiersbe write about the importance in what is preached and its relationship to the plan. They underscore the value of God’s Word and the need for us to develop a love for it. For the Word of God is to be the foundation as well as our life-long source that brings believers from infancy to maturity as we present it with love and grace. Each message builds upon the basis of which the plan is established.1 Vision The senior pastor has written the following as â€Å"The Vision Statement† for our church: â€Å"That the presence of God be around us, in us, and working through us to win the lost through the love of Jesus Christ. We believe all people matter to God. We want to see people saved, healed, set free, equipped,  empowered and serving as disciples, fully becoming devoted followers of Jesus Christ to impact the nations. We believe in the Father, we believe in the resurrection of God’s son and we believe in the Holy Spirit indwelling everyone, making all things new.† The senior pastor has been in this position for less than one year. My attendance and being a part of the leadership team is barely two months. Since that time, there has been only one formal meeting of the leaders of the church. However, personal conversations and public attitudes by the senior pastor have been expressed which will be how I will be able to answer the questions for this paper. This church has not had an attendance over twenty-five people in the two months I have been attending. The senior pastor gave each of the four leaders, or what he refers to as Pastors, a list of names of persons (and their phone numbers) that have at one time or another have come to the church and indicated this would be their church home with the assignment to reach out and call these individuals to invite them (back) to being involved with the church and its activities. These individuals are located throughout the greater Tampa area. This encompasses technically two counties and a considerably large amount of area. The senior pastor himself lives over one hour in driving time to the church facility. Another one of the pastors lives at least 30 minutes away. It is unknown about the socio-economic differences of the other pastors. The neighborhood of which the church is located is classic Central Florida with what appears to be higher middle class at one address and immediately next door, what would appear to be someone under more economic oppressive circumstances. The senior pastor has said he wants the neighborhood to be involved in the church. The church leadership embraces ethnic and social diversity and I believe the senior pastor wants the church population to also reflect this. The Central Florida population has a wide assortment of Cuban, White, Black, Pacific Asian and Asian Indian peoples. There is not a specific area of town that focuses on any one of these cultural groups. Thus, the integration of all these people is desired for the church’s population. We already have ages in this body ranging from very young children with little  to no Christian influences to a widowed wife of a former pastor. There are teenaged young people that have come from time to time. The majority of who has been in regular attendance has been mid-thirties to young fifties. The senior pastor has expressed his desire for these age groups be increased. World missions has been brought up as a desired form of outreach but specifics as to where and how has not been shown or provided for. My own personal work with various countries has been of the attention of the senior pastor but he has not asked about getting involved with this. Habakkuk 2:2 (KJV) says, â€Å"And the LORD answered me, and said, Write the vision, and make it plain upon tables, that he may run that readeth it.† The formal and clear vision for our church has not been provided to me. It is possible it just is something I am not aware of it because of my being with the church for only a short time period. It is hoped that is the case. Mel Lawrenz writes about the church that may have fragmented from transition of leaders, the plans or lack thereof, and or the philosophies within a church. Two important components for the church’s success are having cohesion and momentum.2 Thus far from what I can observe, this church is working hard to enhance and uphold these factors. I look forward to seeing the plan and its full execution. Values The church has been alerted to the heart of the pastor to be a church in unity. He knows with the ethnic diversity and having the different pastors and those in leadership roles can seem to portray a wide variety of approaches and ideas in fulfilling the call to make disciples. Nevertheless, he is calling for unity to be not only the heartbeat with the church but also be demonstrated so that those that come once will experience this deeper than just what may be perceived. Psalms 133:1 (KJV) says, â€Å"Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!† Our pastor wants the differences in us each to be the means to which gives us individual and collective access to those that join us in study, in fellowship, and ultimately in worship. Of course, this is all possible by remembering the importance of God’s peace  to heal and overcome any and all preconceived world based issues that could arise. Having such ethnic diversity and living in a culture such as Central Florida, the need to establish a true and lasting bond of peace is critical with our congregation. Paul said it best in Ephesians 4:3 (KJV), â€Å"Endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.† The growing together in faith and knowledge of our Lord Jesus in unity is what our church wants, not just for itself, but more importantly for the overall well-being of the membership. Ephesians 4:13 (KJV) says, â€Å"Eph 4:13 Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:†. Walter Kasper writes about the call the church has to be the church of unity. He points out that this is not a result of mere chance or happenstance but by the divine work of God’s Holy Spirit to the lives of the believers and into the life of the church as a whole.3 Views In the writing of Aubrey Malphurs, the church in first years of the new millennium is not the same church many of us grew up in the mid to late 1900’s. The church is not considered the central point of reference for faith and the expression of that faith.4 Our church is not any different than this assessment. The members all come from different socio-economic backgrounds which results in different interpretations of the people and their respective roles as a part of the work and workers within this specific Body of Christ. The church is seen in probably the narrowest of views in that it is seen to only include those that are under the roof at the current facility. That would extend to literally the people that are there at any given time as well. The senior pastor is clear to point to the other three he has designated as Pastors. He is looking to their contributions in nurturing, teaching, and shepherding the members as a whole and a separate list that he wants each pastor to be associated with. There is one problem – the people do not know they have been put on these lists. The beginnings of groups is taking place but the groups have not been formalized that people can relate to. The addressing the church body as God’s Saints is met either with casual acceptance and understanding or it is considered too â€Å"Christense† which results in losing its effectualness. The  Gospel does not have a consistent strand in meaning. The understanding and education as it relates to the first four books of the Bible being the Gospels and the fact we are referring to The Good News is not universally embraced by the congregation as a whole. This makes the work of Evangelism, the sharing of the Gospel both in word and lifestyle witness difficult to unite in as both a purposefully designed poster we are to uphold but also have the church communicate as one voice. There is not a deliberate discipling program or effort within the church. Although individual responsibility to walk out a life in the manner for which God has made available for us all, the church does not have the groups or education tools for making disciples. Leadership is a widely used and common designation within our church. This is partly due to the fact we have a small population. There is an encouragement to pursue leader responsibilities. Unless you are known to be either not a Christian or a not as mature of one that is preferred for such a role, the opportunities to lead and take charge of things is easier than in larger congregations. This church is committed to one another. They are looking for the manifestation of the goodness of His work in this place. 2 Thessalonians 2:1 & 2 says, â€Å"Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him, That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.† This is very applicable to this body of believers. Vehicles Gary L. McIntosh writes about the steps taken to get a church to its next level. In a conversation he has with a colleague, it is pointed out that the church may be in good health but it not in good enough shape to show the true endurance necessary of a church that is going to go the full distance. There is a fine distinction between a church that is growing numerically and a church that is maximizing its potential in discipleship.5 My church is transitioning itself from a mainline denomination church to a fellowship of believers. Exactly what denomination the church is becoming has not been made clear. The senior pastor holds ministry papers with two different organizations. One of the other pastors has his credentials by an unknown to me association. There is one pastor and myself that has ordination with  the same board. Recently, there was a state meeting or conference of one of the two ministerial boards that the senior pastor is connected with. It was announced after the fact that there was an expectation of the membership to participate in this function. Because of members that are related to the senior pastor, they were in attendance and this satisfied his request. He is scheduled to be absent from a soon coming Sunday morning service to be involved in this group’s convention or some type of gathering. So far, there has not been any kind of ritual or conduct that is practiced or expected. We seem to be worshipping as one. Jesus said in Matthew 18:20, â€Å"For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.† There are no small groups – yet. Nothing has been formally announced but I could see how the senior pastor has laid groundwork in and through the appointing of three others to positions that could be small group leaders. The leaders live in geographically different areas which will benefit the area of influence we have. Unfortunately, the church does not come together for study in God’s Word other than Sunday morning service. Sunday School and Thursday night Bible Study is not bringing everyone in as desired. It was just announced some events that the senior pastor wants church wide participation in. These announcements have been made orally, not in print. The events are being coordinated by one of the other pastor’s wife. She has announced she will get members to contribute in these meetings. A â€Å"Fall Festival† was held last year (so I am told) as an evangelistic outreach. The senior pastor has announced that that will not be repeated but instead a Summer â€Å"Vacation Bible School† will be conducted just prior to the beginning of the public school year. The curriculum has not been disclosed. Workers have not been selected and it is not known what kind of preparations will be necessary for those that are involved with this. The use of social media, specifically Facebook has been said to be a means of communicating both to the current members of the church but also to encourage those seeking a place for worship. The church’s website does not seem to have updates or is kept current on the affairs of the church. Daniel Collison and Rochelle Nielsen Barsuhn give warnings of how the church of today has left the model of self-denial and looks to self-gratification instead. The value of the relationships Jesus formed and has called us to copy has potentially become minimized or even eliminated from the church’s structure. We need to never forget the importance in the following through of building with one another and the faith that is found in this.6 Verifiers There has not been any indication that there will be any specific tools to measure the growth or effectiveness of an outreach or program. The senior pastor has not made any reference to any means other than visual perception as to if the church has increased or decreased in membership and its grasp on Christian doctrine. A database has been created but who and what information it contains is not known. For measuring the church’s growth both numerically and in various areas of concern (i.e., Christian education, spiritual gifts in operation and various forms of involvement in service to the church and in evangelism), I would start with identifying the people that showed strengths and or willingness to learn in such areas. It would be important to understand what previous experience they may have. Attendance in classes and their participation in the various forms of outreach would be able to be monitored. Their performance would be evaluated to see what their giftings are in. Jesus said in Matthew 7:20, â€Å"Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.† Thus far, we have not had visitors or new converts. The existing church body does not respond to calls to commitment. Currently, there is not a church wide program that incorporates members in evangelistic outreach. There are individual efforts but not under the direction of the senior pastor. There are sources found on the Internet such as www.leadershiptransformations.org that work with churches and the strengths they already have to grow into stronger and better churches. As pointed out in our text book â€Å"Disciple Making is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , concentrating on leading individuals to the Lord and assisting the maturing in their life with God is what we are  to be all about. Then, we can deploy them to replicate this process.7 There needs to be a deliberate effort by the church members to bring people into the church in order to hear the Gospel and ultimately receive salvation. If each member were asked to bring one person with them once a month, the church population would double. In order to keep these new members, classes would need to be formed to educate in ways of Christianity. Additional classes would need to be formed to further the disciple making process. From these classes, it would be hoped that ten percent of those attending would carry on the disciple making process. From those people, various forms of leaders and Christian workers (missionaries, teachers, pastors and etc.) would be set apart for such works. Conclusion This church has been primarily an extended family but has begun to evolve into a multi-ethnic congregation and diverse socio-economic backgrounds due in part to the merging of two of the associate pastors. The senior pastor has been encouraging members to reach out to church dinners and a church wide rummage sale. With the expected growth in people attending and becoming part of the Body of Christ, we need to put in place the disciple making process for both the current membership and those that will be coming. Act 14:22, â€Å"Confirming the souls of the disciples, and exhorting them to continue in the faith, and that we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God.† Bibliography Collison, Daniel, and Rochelle Nielsen Barsuhn. Church in Translation: Vibrant Christianity in Your Time and Place. N.p.: Abingdon Press, 2010. Accessed March 1, 2015. .com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=10432028&ppg=82. Earley, Dave, and Rod Dempsey. Disciple Making Is†¦ How to Live the Great Commission with Passion and Confidence. Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2013. Gibson, Scott M., and Warren Wiersbe. Preaching with a Plan: Sermon Strategies for Growing Mature Believers. N.p.: Baker Books, 2012. Accessed March 1, 2015. .liberty.edu:2048/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=10722483&ppg=116. Kasper, Walter. That They May All Be One: The Call to Unity. N.p.: London : Burns & Oates., 2004. Accessed March 1, 2015. /ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzI0Mjk2NV9fQU41?sid=fb0c38e1-4143-479f-874c- 0eaaaada1a24@sessionmgr4004&vid=2&format=EB&ppid=pp_170. Lawrenz, Mel. Whole Church: Leading from Fragmentation to Engagement. N.p.: Jossey-Bass, 2009. Accessed March 1, 2015.? .actiondocID=10307582&ppg=117. Malphurs, Aubrey New Kind of Church: Understanding Models of Ministry for the 21st Century. N.p.: Baker Books, 2007. Accessed March 1, 2015. /lib/liberty /reader.action?docID=10762835&ppg=16. McIntosh, Gary L., Taking Your Church to the Next Level: What Got You Here Won’t Get You There (n.p.: Baker Books, 2009), 196-97, accessed March 1, 2015, liberty.edu:2048/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=10745538&ppg=88.